Showing posts with label FBAR. Show all posts
Showing posts with label FBAR. Show all posts

FBAR/OVDI LANCE WALLACH: IRS FBAR Voluntary Disclosure Initiative, opt out ...

FBAR/OVDI LANCE WALLACH: IRS FBAR Voluntary Disclosure Initiative, opt out ...:  Lance Wallach The 2012 OVDI, which is still open, is patterned after the 2011 OVDI, but increases the maximum Report of Foreign Ban...

























Tidbits from the IRS on Offshore Account Issues (6/7/14)

I understand from practitioners that the IRS has indicated the following.  This is second hand, so those desiring to implement strategy based on the following might make their own inquiries to the IRS.

1.  Readers may be aware that some or all Swiss Category 2 banks are requesting the U.S. depositor to supply proof of U.S. tax compliance.  That proof can be used to mitigate the Swiss Category 2 bank's penalty in the program with the U.S. DOJ.  In my limited experience with such requests, the banks may ask for various forms of proof (from the IRS preclearance letter into OVDP to the Form 906).  The U.S. depositor is not required to provide that proof to the Swiss bank, of course.*  The question has arisen, however, what if anything to provide the Swiss bank if the request comes after the U.S. depositor has submitted the request for preclearance but has not yet received the IRS letter of preclearance.  I understand that the IRS believes banks will accept the preclearance request letter and perhaps a letter from the taxpayer or the representative to the bank that the preclearance request letter was filed and  has not yet been acted on.  I am sure the bank will make a follow through request for something more definite.

2.  Clients concerned about the interim period between deciding to do something (whether OVDP or streamlined) might make a preclearance letter request for OVDP and then, if streamlined is appropriate, withdraw from OVDP.  The advantage of filing the preclearance where the ultimate choice to do OVDP is not made is that the process of dealing with the issue, having been started with the preclearance letter, should be some protection if the IRS starts an audit later before the alternative strategy is implemented.  If, after filing the preclearance letter, the client decides to pursue another strategy, the client should withdraw by letter advising of the withdrawal submitted before the due date for the intake letter to CI.  The letter should be clear that the client is withdrawing.  (Note, withdrawal is not the same as opting out; hence, unless the client qualifies for and completes streamlined procedure, the client will not have assurance of no criminal prosecution.)  As I received the information, this withdrawal process might work also for later determining to proceed in some other way under 2011-13.  Both the streamlined and the 2011-13, here, routes offer considerable uncertainties, but perhaps these uncertainties may be mitigated by the upcoming changes in the program that Commissioner Koskinen announced were coming.  See IRS Commissioner Koskinen Announces that Changes -- Liberalizations -- Are In the Offing for OVDP 2012 (Federal Tax Crimes Blog 6/4/12), here.

3.  If the client does not withdraw, the case will be processed under OVDP under normal procedures with the right to opt out.







Lance Wallach, CLU, CHFC Articles

Lance Wallach, CLU, CHFC Articles

Lance wallach from Google+ | Idolbin

llance wallach from Google+ | Idolbin

Lance Wallach

Lance Wallach

Lance Wallach

Lance Wallach

Lance Wallach, Insurance Expert Witness

Lance Wallach, Insurance Expert Witness

Lance Wallach's Articles | The Expert on 419 and 412i Plans

Lance Wallach's Articles | The Expert on 419 and 412i Plans

Expert Witness

Expert Witness

Lance Wallach's Articles | The Expert on 419 and 412i Plans

Lance Wallach's Articles | The Expert on 419 and 412i Plans

Lance Wallach, Expert Witness, 419, 412i

Lance Wallach, Expert Witness, 419, 412i

Lance Wallach, Finance Expert, Expert Witness, 419, 412i

Lance Wallach, Finance Expert, Expert Witness, 419, 412i

Google - Bookmarks

Google - Bookmarks

Lance Wallach Life Insurance

Lance Wallach Life Insurance

Lance Wallach - Google+

Lance Wallach - Google+

International Tax, Transfer Pricing, FBAR Problems

The IRS dedicates enormous resources toward dealing with taxpayers who are involved with any form of transfer pricing. The transfer pricing provisions of IRC 482 address four general types of transactions between commonly owned or controlled parties.

1- Use or transfer of tangible property;
2- Services;
3- Loans;
4- Use or transfer of intangible property (especially cost sharing arrangements) .

Use of tangible property: When one member of a controlled group rents or leases property to another member of the group, the price paid for use of such property must be appropriate for an arm’s length amount. Per Treas. Reg. 1.482-2(c)(2)(i), the arm’s length amount is determined by reference to the amount that would have been charged between independent parties for use of the same or similar property under similar circumstances.

Determination of what is arm’s length for fair rental value transactions:

a) Period of use;
b) Location of use;
c) Owner’s investment in property or rent paid;
d) Expenses of maintaining the property;
e) Type of property;
f) Condition of property.

Transfer of tangible property: When sales or transfers of tangible property are made between related parties (sales of goods), the arm’s length price generally is the price that an unrelated party would pay for similar property under similar circumstances.

Determination of what is arm’s length for inter-company sales: The regulations specify six methods used to determine whether an arm’s length amount has been charged between members of a controlled group. Treas. Reg.1.482-3(a), states that the “best method" should be used to determine arm’s length price. The IRS views the “best method" as the method that produces the most reliable results based on facts and circumstances.

The IRS is well aware of the fact that many transfer-pricing studies are prepared with the intention to validate year-end inter-company cost of sales regardless of whether they are arm’s length just to avoid the IRC 6662 penalties taxpayers would be best served if transfer-pricing studies were prepared by knowledgeable experts in the field.

Inter-company Services: When one member performs services for another member of a controlled group, an arm’s length price is necessary. This includes services such as marketing, management, technical services, or any other type of service. Such services can be provided by one party for the joint benefit of all members, or can be provided between two members of the controlled group.

Determination of what is arm’s length for inter-company services: The arm’s length standard for services between related parties is found in Treas. Reg. 1.482-2(b)(3) which states, “ an arm’s length charge for services rendered shall be the amount which was charged or would have been charged for the same or similar services in independent transactions with or between unrelated parties under similar circumstances considering all relevant facts." The arm’s length charge for services between related parties will depend upon the facts related to the services provided. The pricing rules fall within three categories:

1) An arm’s length charge will be based on the amount that would have been charged by an unrelated party. This generally means that the price should be based on reimbursement of cost, plus a mark-up for profit.
2) An arm’s length charge may be based on only the costs incurred, provided that certain criteria are met.
3) No charge is necessary, if certain criteria are met.

The area that concerns the IRS most with these types of transactions is technical services with regard provided by larger U.S corporations to their foreign CPC’s, which are not charged for these services. In regards to smaller cases, the IRS typically examines management fees in detail to ensure they are arm’s length.

Inter-company Loans: In the context of IRC 482, most of the areas of conflict in this area revolve around interest. When loans are made between members of a controlled group, interest rates charged do not always meet the required arm’s length standard.

Determination of what is arm’s length for inter-company loans: The arm’s length standard for loans between related parties is found in Treas. Reg. 1.482-2(a)(2) which states that “ an arm’s length rate of interest shall be a rate of interest which was charged, or would have been charged, at the time the indebtedness arose, in independent transactions with or between unrelated parties under similar circumstances."

Factors that are listed in Treas. Reg. 1.482-2(a)(2) that should be considered in determining arm’s length interest are:

a) The principle amount and duration of the loan.
b) The security involved.
c) The credit standing of the borrower.
d) The prevailing interest rate where the loan was made.

The regulations provide further guidance in the following areas:

a) Safe harbor rules;
b) Ordering rules;
c) Determination of bona fide indebtedness;
d) Period for which interest is charged.

Transfers of intangible properties: When transfers of intangible property are made between controlled parties, the arm’s length price is often difficult to determine, in part because the property’s value derives from intellectual capital such as ideas, the outcome of research and development or creation of software.

Determination of what is arm’s length for transfer of intangible property: The regulations specify four methods to determine whether an arm’s length amount has been charged between the members of a controlled group with respect to the transfer or use of intangible property. Treas.Reg.1.482-4 (a) states that the “best method" should be used to determine the arm’s length price between related parties. Controlled parties may enter into a qualified cost sharing arrangements to share costs related to developing intangibles. They may also contribute existing intangibles for use in further development or for use in developing new and distinct intangibles.

The following general rules of Treas.Reg.1.482-7 (a) and (b) apply to qualified cost sharing arrangements:

a) Two or more controlled participants agree to share the costs of developing intangibles.
b) Costs are shared based on each participant’s share of reasonably anticipated benefits from the intangibles to be developed.
c) A “buy-in" must be paid to the participant that contributes pre-existing intangible property to the qualified cost sharing arrangement.

As with transfer pricing reports, cost-sharing agreements should be prepared by qualified experts who are knowledgeable in this area. The ideal candidate would probably be someone with decades of experience preferably with the IRS in the international taxation area. Said ideal candidate should also of course be a CPA. If examined by the IRS, the cost sharing agreement will be reviewed in detail. For further guidance refer to the Coordinated Issue Paper utilized as a guideline for the IRS personnel dated June 5th 2009. 

As an expert witness Lance Wallach's side has never lost a case. People need to be careful of 419 Welfare Benefit Plans, 412i plans, Section 79 plans and Captive Insurance Plans. Most of these plans are sold by insurance agents. If you are in an abusive, listed or similar transaction plan you need to file under IRS 6707a. The participant files form 8886, and the salesmen or accountant who signs the tax returns files form 8918 if they got paid over $10,000. They are called Material Advisors and face a minimum $100,000 fine. Some plans are offshore which could involve FBAR or OVDI filings. If you have money overseas you probably need to file for IRS tax amnesty. If you want to reduce the tax we suggest that you first file and then opt out. For more information Google Lance Wallach.

The information provided herein is not intended as legal, accounting, financial or any type of advice for any specific individual or other entity. You should contact an appropriate professional for any such advice. 

Transfer Pricing FBAR International Tax Problems By Lance Wallach